Abstract beamshaping diffractive optical elements give a desired intensity distribution in the diffraction plane over areas much larger than the diffraction limited. Methods for solving thedirect diffractionproblem 19 1. Click download or read online button to get methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements book now. Diffractive optics involves the manipulation of light using diffractive optical elements does. The main focus was on the optimal design of computer generated holograms cghs. Based on the principles of computer generated holograms, the iterative fourier transform. Diffractive optical elements does shape and split laser beams in an energyefficient manner. It is shown that the combination of both methods produces a better solution than the iterative method and is faster than using the evolutionary strategy only.
Fabrication and application conference paper pdf available in proceedings of spie the international society for optical engineering 9283 april 2014 with 1,245. Diffractive optics as a field has seen a lot of progress in the past. Such a diffuser provides light with more than two phasor vectors at the zero order. Michael morris the institute of optics university of rocherster rochester, new york 14627. Differentschemes ofsolving differential equations 19 1. Robust design method for highly efficient beamshaping.
New optical components such as microlens arrays, holographic lenses, and diffractive elements are also used in various optoelectronic devices, so that optoelectronic devices and their components are smaller, in flat array and feasible integration. Recent optical solutions with diffractive optical technology. Study of the chromatic properties of harmonic diffractive lens. We now consider a number of techniques for both dimensional and optical testing of diffractive optical elements. The fundamentals of fabrication techniques such as photolithography and focused ion beam.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Thefinite element methodfor solvingintegral equations 21 references 24 2 diffractive opticaltransformations 25 2. Request pdf computeraided design of diffractive optical elements a number. You can implement a wide range of applications with minimal light loss examples of diffractive microoptics can be found in production facilities for laser material processing, in medical laser treatments and diagnostic instruments, in areas such. Does are being widely applied in such areas as telecommunications, electronics, laser technologies and biomedical engineering. Diffractive optics rpc photonics optical components. The design of diffractive optical elements uses many ideas and concepts from. With this method, inverse problems of doe design can be efficiently solved. Iteractive methods for diffractive optical elements. Diffractive optics refers to the technology of producing surfacerelief, and computer generated diffractive patterns directly on the optical material by means of fabrication technology in the microelectronics industry, offering a very flexible way of controlling and shaping of phase fronts or bending of rays. The donut profile of the vortex design is now used for multispot elements in which two donut profiles can be arranged either next to or one after the other. Computer design of diffractive optics sciencedirect. Multifocal diffractive lens generating several fixed foci at.
Improved focus depth with does the small focus depth of optical elements is particularly problematic in laser applications. Fabrication of micro and diffractive optical devices by use. Design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements with matlab. The design of diffractive optical elements uses many ideas and concepts from conventional optic designs. This paper investigates the design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements does for generating the light field with uniformly distributed speckles. Osa comparison of encoding methods for computergenerated. Optical elements are not only limited in refractive lenses, prisms, and mirrors. Rpc photonics designs and fabricates diffractive elements with both binary and analog phase profiles. In practice, diamonds are used for manufacturing diffractive optical elements does such as gratings, kinoforms, radiation focusators and correctors, etc. Design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements. Methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements december 2001. Pdf design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements. Pseudorandom dot arrays with different sizes were generated to validate the proposed encoding methods. A computational design framework for efficient, fabrication.
Osa design of diffractive optical element projector for a. Diffractive optical elements doe 15 are in fact computer generated. Computer design of diffractive optics provides an authoritative guide to the principles and applications of computer designed diffractive optics. Design and simulation methods design and simulation of diffractive optical elements. Diffractive elements are thin phase elements that operate by means of interference and diffraction to produce arbitrary distributions of light or to aid in the design of optical systems. Suppose someone goofed and the design is incorrect. A broadband diffractive diffuser contains at least three levels, with approximately a phase shift of. Computeraided design of diffractive optical elements request pdf. Computer design of diffractive optics provides an authoritative guide to the principles and applications. However, before a diffractive optical element can be built, a number of additional questions must be addressed. Methods for computer design of diffractive optical. It is shown that all five produce similar results for a given value of the minimum feature size.
How is the design in a computer transformed into a physicalcomponent. However a considerable part of it uses computer generated digital simulations and optimization techniques which utilize the up growing power of modern. Computergenerated stratified diffractive optical elements. Rigorous analysis and design of diffractive optical elements by jianhua jiang a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the optical science and engineering program of the school of graduate studies of the university of alabama in huntsville huntsville, alabama 2000. Various optimal search strategies like direct search methods which. Proceedings of information technology and nanotechnology itnt2015, ceur workshop proceedings, 2015. Methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements. This high level monograph for the optics research market explores a large number of novel interactive methods and algorithms for calculating the transmission function of phase diffractive optical elements. Continuous profile writing by optical and electron lithography. She designs diffractive optical elements and laser optical systems and provides technical support for a wide range of products. Computeraided design of diffractive optical elements.
Verification methods of the shaping effect by simulation in. Iterative methods for diffractive optical elements computation. Katz holds a bachelor of science degree in optical systems engineering. Effect of supercomputer parallelization on the simulation time. On pixeloriented structure parametrization for design of. The breadth of methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements covers doe production, beginning from the design techniques and the software, to the fabrication technology, experimental studies, and testing of does, including all major doe application fields and doe types. Two existing methods were combined to improve the reconstructed image of a cgh. The optical projection using speckles is one of the structured light methods that have been applied to threedimensional 3d range sensors. The iterative fourier transform algorithm ifta is compared to an evolutionary strategy es approach and a combination of both methods. The theoretical aspects underpinning diffractive optics are initially explored, including the main equations in diffraction theory and diffractive optical transformations. Encoded diffractive optics for fullspectrum computational. Factors affecting convergence in the design of diffractive.
Second, diffractive optical elements were designed as dot projectors to generate pseudorandom dots by the gerchbergsaxton algorithm. Volkov, methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements wiley, 2002. Computergenerated stratified diffractive optical elements osa. Micro and diffractive optical elements springerlink. Calculation of diffractive optical elements in geometrical optics approximation. Using inhouse developed as well as commercially available state of theart software tools and algorithms, appropriate simulation methods paraxial or rigorous electromagnetic are used for optimization of the doe design. Factors affecting convergence in the design of diffractive optics by iterative vectorspace methods henry stark, yongyi yang, and damla gurkan department of electrical and computer engineering, illinois institute of technology, chicago, illinois 60601. The first one is the use of scalar diffraction theory for the purpose of simulating and implementing diffractive optical elements does. Us6118559a broadband diffractive diffuser and associated. Introduction in the optical industry, freeform optical surfaces are now becoming a practical solution for some design and manufacturing problems. Analysis and design of complex diffractive optical elements does with. Pdf in this paper is presented the design, fabrication and characterization of a binary phasecontrast.
The new method combines the optimal decimationinfrequency iterative interlacing technique odifiit with the lohmann coding scheme. In the past, optical elements were often designed with axisymmetric surface due to limitation on fabrication processes. Five modern encoding methods for diffractive optical elements are compared in terms of diffraction efficiency for an f1 focusing element. Three methods of designing diffractive optical elements doe are compared. Dimensional measurements of diffractive optic structures are used both during and after fabrication of the element. A comparison of the iterative fourier transform method and. Sep 16, 2016 diffractive optical elements can be realized as ultrathin plates that offer significantly reduced footprint and weight compared to refractive elements. Methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements is an estimable reference for experts in the aerospace industry, research and development institutes, the automobile industry, as well as students and university professors. A computational design framework for efficient, fabrication error. This book provides the reader with the broad range of materials that were discussed in a series of short courses presented at georgia tech on the design, fabrication, and testing of diffractive optical elements does. The approach for the design and fabrication presented here can be extended forr the realization of the diffractive optical elements with various application. Diffractive elements are fabricated by the method of direct laser writing on a photoresist by using a circular laser writing system.
Methods for computer design of diffractive optical elements wiley series in lasers and applications, 2002. Search the leading research in optics and photonics applied research from spie journals, conference proceedings and presentations, and ebooks. A computational design framework for efficient, fabrication errortolerant, planar thz diffractive optical elements skip to main content thank you for visiting. Shlomit katz is an optical design engineer at holoor ltd. Modeling, design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements.
Robust design method for highly efficient beamshaping diffractive optical elements using an iterativefouriertransform algorithm with soft operations. Computer design of diffractive optics woodhead publishing. They offer a very good precision of the micro optical elements but these methods are expensive and they require specialized equipment. Various algorithms have been suggested to optimize such a set of parameters in order to obtain a diffractive element with satisfying optical properties. Robust design method for highly efficient beamshaping diffractive. Design and verification of diffractive optical elements for. In two dimensions the design of paraxially operating diffractive elements is typically based on a pixeloriented parametrization of the structure of the element. In this paper is presented the design, fabrication and characterization of a binary phasecontrast transmission diffractive optical element made by wet etching of the glass substrate.
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